Efficacious Remediation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) from Aquatic Environment Using Magnetic Hydrogel Halloysite Nanotubes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran

10.22128/mch.2026.3080.1069

Abstract

A magnetic Gelatin/Pectin (Ge/Pec) Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) (Ge/Pec-HNTs@IONP) based on a magnetic hydrogel halloysite nanotubes adsorbent in two steps including the fabrication of Ge/Pec hydrogel, modifications Ge/Pec glutaraldehyde (crosslinking agent), then used Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and the in-situ magnetization of the Ge/Pec-HNTs to obtain Ge/Pec-HNTs@IONP magnetic hydrogel halloysite nanotubes. The physicochemical properties of the material were investigated using various analyses, including FT-IR, BET (Surface area (35.244 m2.g-1), Pore volume (0.0690 cm3.g-1), and Pore size (7.83285nm)), VSM (14.51 emu.g-1), XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and TGA (About 78% of its weight has been preserved. The Ge/Pec-HNTs@IONP magnetic hydrogel halloysite nanotube efficiencies in adsorption were investigated in Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) from an aqueous environment. The factors affecting the absorption process to assess the effectiveness include pH (4-10), Adsorbent dosage (0.003-0.03g), Duration time (5-30 min), and beginning pollutants concentration (25-150 ppm). The Freundlich isotherm model fitted the experimental adsorption data, and the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model described adsorption kinetics for both cationic dyes well. The composite also exhibited reusability in the best available conditions for eliminating cationic dyes, with no significant decrease in adsorption capacity after three use cycles.

Graphical Abstract

Efficacious Remediation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) from Aquatic Environment Using Magnetic Hydrogel Halloysite Nanotubes

Keywords


Volume 4, Issue 1
March 2025
Pages 29-48
  • Receive Date: 30 September 2025
  • Revise Date: 30 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 20 January 2026